ED - The Elbow
The elbow dysplasia (ED) is a chronic disease complex extending the elbow joint, fast-growing breeds. The ED is an inherited disorder of the growing skeleton dar. High body mass growth and feeding errors are more favorable (predisposing) factors. The ED begins in the late growth phase at four to eight-month-old pups with a painful change in the joint and the bones forming the joint parts (osteoarthritis) with lameness. The range of motion of the elbow joint is restricted. Early signs are stiffness in the morning or after rest. The disease progresses lifelong and not curable, a substantial degree of pain can be achieved many cases in.
Occurrence and causes
An elbow dysplasia can occur in all large breed dogs.The worst affected are often Retriever Chow Chow, Rottweiler, Bernese Mountain Dog, Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, Newfoundland, Labrador, German Shepherd-Mastiff and Bordeaux.The frequency of occurrence (incidence) is in some breeds over 40%.
The ED is polygenic (multiple genes) inherited.The exact mode of inheritance and the genes involved are not known, so that no genetic test for the disease exists. The proof is therefore now on the veterinary assessment of the individual animal only, some dog breeding associations call for a radiological examination for breeding animals. The degree of heritability (heritability) is larger for males than for females and will ever race, and population with values from 0.1 to 0.7 according to.
Clinical symptoms
The diseased animals are lameness in the forelimb by striking.It this is a hybrid of hang leg and supporting leg lameness, often there is a routing of the forearm and paw from the normal axis of the limb (abduction) and one pulling the elbow to the body (adduction), the limb is inserted.The clinical examination often can an increased filling of the capsule to determine the joint is usually painful and can sometimes crunching noises (crepitus) are raised.
Manifestations
Typical manifestations of ED-1 levels between education Elle (ulna) and radius (radius) 2 Insulated anconeus 3 Fragmented medial coronoid process of the medial condyle OCD 4
An elbow dysplasia occurs when the bones forming the joint parts of the upper arm bone (humerus), elbow (ulna) and radius (radius) exactly match each other not enough. The inaccurate fit or mismatch leads to chronic remodeling of the elbow joint and the bones forming the joint parts (OA) associated with a sclerosis of the bone and the formation of bone outgrowths (osteophytes) result. At low incongruity of the articular surfaces is the only sign of osteoarthritis elbow dysplasia, also may experience additional changes:
1. Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (FCP, replacing the inside of the ulna coronoid process)
2. Osteochondritis dissecans of the medial condyle of the humerus (OCD, cartilage detachment at the inner cusp of the upper arm bone, Roll)
3. Isolation of anconeus (IPA, replacement of elbow extension of Elle)
A simultaneous occurrence of several of these complications is often. Sometimes be complex in German-speaking, other developmental disorders such as lack of fusion of the three elbow Verknöcherungskerne side of the humerus and the innate Ellbogenluxation or subluxation in small (so-called chondrodystrophic) breeds in the elbow dysplasia-classified. The latter also favor the occurrence of an IPA or FCP, but the International Elbow Working Group is not counted by the ED complex.
Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna (FCP)
The cause for the detachment of the medial coronoid process (English fragmented coronoid process, FCP) discussed various mechanisms:
1. Growth retardation of the radius with shortening of the same (short-radius-syndrome), the enhanced loading of the ulna results.On the medial coronoid process, they will lead to bone density (sclerosis), deformation, and finally to replace.
2. Premature Epiphysenfugenschluss of the radial head.
3. Impaired fine blood flow (microvascularisation) by a mechanically induced sclerosis of the bone in the coronoid process.
The disease occurs earlier than the age of five to seven months. But it is also the owner does not notice immediately, so that animals will be presented the second year the vet in the first place. FCP is a clinically manifested as lameness, especially after a long rest, or greater exposure occurs before.The elbow is issued to the side.
The clinical examination reveals a strong pain in extension or flexion of the joint. On X-ray projection is above all the shadows in the yard, the loss of Knochenbälkchenzeichnung a vague outline in the latero-anterior lateral view (lateral projection) and, if the fracture line visible.A complete demolition of the coronoid processus rarely. Due to the lack of congruence can a step between the radius and ulna and a wider joint space unevenly represented. This mismatch can be represented by a quotient. To this end point is the length of the trochlear notch and the distance between the tip of anconeus and that of the lateral coronoid process of the ulna measured.If the ratio of both values is above 1.15, the elbow joint as incongruent. By the FCP associated with osteoarthritis seen in more severe forms of training in lip of the adjacent bone contours. Exuberant bone occur mainly at the inner (medial) border of the ulna and the humerus in front. A diagnostic arthroscopy can support the FCP.
Prepared by the Rhodesian Ridgeback breeders:
Mashambani
& Mhangura
